你家是否還在用圖中的這種萬能插線板——在同一個(gè)插位，既可以插兩極插頭，又可以插三極插頭的萬用型插座。如果有，建議盡快更換！

這種萬能插線板為了兼容各種插頭，設(shè)計(jì)上存在致命缺陷——插片與電器插頭接觸面積小，容易產(chǎn)生電弧和高溫，其引發(fā)火災(zāi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是普通插線板的數(shù)倍。2010年6月起，這種插線板就被禁止生產(chǎn)了。

Power strips, which allow both two-prong and three-prong plugs to be inserted into the same socket, contain a critical design flaw in their attempt to accommodate various plug types. The smaller contact surface between the metal connectors and appliance plugs can easily lead to electrical arcing and overheating, making them several times more likely to cause a fire compared to standard power strips. These products have been banned from production since June 2010.

萬能插線板已經(jīng)被淘汰

據(jù)消防部門的調(diào)查顯示，由插線板短路導(dǎo)致的火災(zāi)往往源于幾個(gè)常見錯(cuò)誤：使用老化的“高齡”插線板、多個(gè)大功率電器共用一個(gè)插線板、繼續(xù)使用國家早已明令禁止的“萬能插線板”。

According to a fire department investigation, fires caused by short circuits in power strips often stem from several common mistakes: using aging or outdated power strips, overloading a single power strip with multiple high-wattage appliances, and continuing to use universal power strips that have been banned by national regulations.

國網(wǎng)浙江電力高級(jí)專家徐家寧表示，這些錯(cuò)誤行為中，最危險(xiǎn)的當(dāng)屬已經(jīng)被國家明令禁止的“萬能插線板”。

插線板的3個(gè)錯(cuò)誤用法

除了萬能插線板，插線板在使用時(shí)還有3個(gè)安全隱患：

• 超負(fù)荷使用

市面上常見的家用插線板，額定電流通常為6安（A）、10安（A）和16安（A）。

如果同時(shí)接入多個(gè)大功率電器，比如將電熱水壺（1500瓦）和微波爐（1000瓦）插在同一個(gè)10安（A）的插線板上，總功率就會(huì)超過插線板2200瓦的承載極限，若同時(shí)開啟就會(huì)導(dǎo)致過熱甚至起火。

Household power strips (common specifications: 6A, 10A, 16A) have strict power limits. For example, a 10A power strip has a maximum load capacity of 2,200 watts. If multiple high-wattage appliances such as a 1,500W electric kettle and a 1,000W microwave are used simultaneously, the total power consumption will far exceed the strip's limit, which can lead to overheating and cause a fire.

圖源：CFP

• 使用劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

一些不良商家為了降低成本，采用非阻燃材料制作外殼，或者用導(dǎo)電性能差的鋁代替銅作為導(dǎo)線，這樣的插線板一旦遇到高負(fù)載，極易短路起火。

Some unscrupulous manufacturers use non-flame-retardant materials for the casing or replace copper with poorly conductive aluminum for internal wiring in order to cut costs. Such substandard power strips are highly prone to short circuits and can ignite fires when under high loads.

• 忽視使用壽命

插線板一般使用3~5年就需要更換，如果出現(xiàn)插孔發(fā)黑、插頭松動(dòng)等情況，說明它已經(jīng)“超期服役”，必須立即淘汰。

It's important to replace power strips regularly — typically every three to five years. If you notice discolored sockets or loose plugs, it's a clear sign that the power strip has aged and should be replaced immediately.

4個(gè)習(xí)慣，讓用電更安全

要確保用電安全，必須要養(yǎng)成幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵習(xí)慣。這些看似簡單的措施，很可能是避免一場災(zāi)難的關(guān)鍵。

• 大功率電器“專插專用”

家中的插座不要同時(shí)使用超過額定功率的電器，大功率電器（如空調(diào)、冰箱、電熱水器等）一定要單獨(dú)使用專用的插線板。

Do not overload household outlets with appliances exceeding their rated power. High-wattage appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and water heaters should always be plugged into a separate outlet.

• 電器不用時(shí)要拔插頭

電器關(guān)閉后，插頭要是沒拔掉，電表也是會(huì)走字的。長期不用的電器要及時(shí)拔掉插頭，避免電路持續(xù)帶電。

如果擔(dān)心反復(fù)拔插頭會(huì)壞，可換成帶開關(guān)的插座面板。這樣除了節(jié)省電費(fèi)，還能減少不拔插頭帶來的火災(zāi)隱患。

Even when turned off, appliances continue to consume standby power if left plugged in. It is recommended to promptly unplug devices not in use for extended periods or switch to outlets with switches. This helps save electricity and reduce fire risks.

• 拔插頭盡量用雙手

拔插頭時(shí)切記要握住插頭而非拉扯電線，盡量雙手操作，一手固定插座，一手插拔插頭，避免插拔插頭時(shí)發(fā)生晃動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生電火花。注意要保證手部干燥。

When unplugging, always grasp the plug firmly instead of pulling the cord. Operate it steadily with both hands — stabilize the outlet with one hand while plugging or unplugging with the other to avoid sparking caused by movement. Also, ensure your hands are dry.

• 插線板老化立即更換

發(fā)現(xiàn)插線板溫度異常或是插孔變色，需要立即停止使用。發(fā)現(xiàn)插線板老化，即使更換，嚴(yán)禁自行改造電器插頭。

If a power strip is found overheating or has discolored outlets, stop using it immediately. Replace it promptly if aging is observed, and never attempt to modify the plug by yourself.

編輯：李金昳

實(shí)習(xí)生：李然

來源：央視新聞 科普中國 生命時(shí)報(bào)

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